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THE WOOD BURNING PROCESS

Understanding what happens when wood is burnt will enable you to burn wood in a more

environmentally friendly way, reduce the maintenance required for your chimney and get more

out of your wood. There are 3 stages in the wood-burning process:

Evaporation

When you light the cooker a lot of energy will be needed at first to boil away any moisture,

which is left in the wood. Using energy to drive off excess water in firewood robs the cooker of

energy needed for an efficient and clean burn. Also, much of the energy wasted in evaporating

water is energy that could have heated the hotplate and oven. This is a waste of wood, money

and effort. The presence of all that moisture tends to keep "putting out" the fire, and therefore

making it burn very poorly, which tends to produce a lot of creosote and pollution.

Emissions

As the heat of the fire intensifies, waste-gases (smoke) are released from the wood.

Unburned smoke is emitted into the air either as pollution, or condensed in the chimney

causing creosote build-up. It takes time for the air in your chimney to heat up. When it is still

cold you get an effect similar to the condensation of hot breath on a colder window or

mirror. So when the by-products of combustion (smoke in the form of gases) exit the cooker,

and flow up into the relatively cooler chimney, condensation occurs.

The resulting residue that sticks to the inner walls of the chimney is called creosote. Creosote

is formed by unburned, flammable particulates present in the smoke. It is black or brown in

appearance. It can be crusty and flaky, tar-like, drippy and sticky or shiny and hardened. Quite

often, all forms will occur in one chimney system (see an extreme example of this on page 15).

If the wood you are using is water logged, or green, the fire will tend to smoulder and not warm

the chimney sufficiently. Wet wood causes the whole system to be cool, and inefficient. In

contrast: dry wood means a hot fire, which results in a hot flue, and a hot flue means much less

creosote clogging up your chimney.

The cooker’s firebox is designed to operate at very high temperatures to burn the gases and

particles released from the wood, which means less air-pollution.

Charcoal

When most of the tar and gasses have burned the remaining substance is charcoal (ash in it’s

finer form). A hot bed of charcoals and ash can enhance the combustion process when burning

larger pieces of wood. Start with a small fire to develop a bed of glowing embers. As the

charcoal bed develops and the cooker heats up, slowly add larger and larger pieces of wood.

It takes time to build a good charcoal bed, but it is well worth the effort. Only empty excess ash

periodically and always leave a bed of ash on which to light the next fire. When wood bur

ns it

gives off volatile gases which contain calorific heat value. By running the appliance with the

secondary air control open, the fuel is bur

nt in the most efficient manner.

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